17 de mayo de 2024

Organización Mundial de la Salud
H.E. Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus
Oficina del Director General
Avenue Appia 20
1211 Ginebra, Suiza

Estimado Dr. Tedros, Director General de la Organización Mundial de la Salud,

Nos dirigimos a usted para expresar nuestra profunda preocupación por el manejo de la OMS respecto a las enmiendas al Reglamento Sanitario Internacional (RSI) y la redacción del tratado sobre pandemias.

Como Director General de la OMS, usted representa los ideales de las Naciones Unidas, incluyendo “establecer condiciones bajo las cuales la justicia y el respeto por [las obligaciones de los tratados] y otras fuentes del derecho internacional puedan ser mantenidos”.[1] La búsqueda global de la paz y los derechos humanos está anclada en el régimen de Derecho y, de hecho, sin el régimen de Derecho, prevalecen la tiranía y la opresión.

Es por lo tanto imperativo que usted mismo honre los tratados existentes y las leyes internacionales.

El Artículo 55(2) del RSI establece que el texto de cualquier enmienda propuesta debe ser comunicado al menos cuatro meses antes de la Asamblea de la Salud en la que será considerada. Pretender que la difusión de un borrador inicial en febrero de 2023 cumple con este requisito, a pesar de las negociaciones en curso, es absurdo. Igualmente irracional es la afirmación de que este requisito se aplica solo al Director General y a los Estados Miembros, y no al grupo de trabajo que ellos nombraron, cuando el Artículo no hace tal distinción. Ambos argumentos muestran un desprecio flagrante tanto por el espíritu como por la letra de la ley.[3]

Los números 8, 10, 11 y 15 de las Reglas de Procedimiento de la Asamblea Mundial de la Salud (AMS) también prohíben apresurar acuerdos sin la debida diligencia.[4] Además, el requisito de la Regla 14 para la divulgación completa de todas las obligaciones, incluidas las financieras, ha sido groseramente violado, posponiendo detalles cruciales para un momento futuro.[5] Esto esencialmente obliga a los Estados Miembros a firmar un cheque en blanco.

Además, la adopción apresurada de múltiples instrumentos con requisitos técnicos, administrativos y financieros superpuestos inevitablemente llevará a la confusión y podría socavar seriamente los esfuerzos globales de salud en el futuro. Esto subraya la necesidad crítica de adherirse al requisito mínimo de cuatro meses.

Además de las preocupaciones sobre el tiempo y la notificación, la legitimidad de cualquier acuerdo depende fundamentalmente de su adherencia a los siguientes principios fundamentales del régimen de Derecho:

Proceso de votación válido: Debe documentarse y estar disponible para verificación una votación auténtica nominal con una mayoría de dos tercios presentes.[6] Sin esta prueba, cualquier “acuerdo” es nulo y sin valor.[7]

Redacción clara y final: Los términos de cualquier acuerdo deben estar explícitamente definidos dentro del documento mismo. Es inaceptable usar una redacción abierta que difiera decisiones cruciales a comités no sujetos a rendición de cuentas.[8]

Negociaciones lideradas por los miembros: El papel del buró debe ser únicamente facilitar las discusiones, no dictar resultados. Las negociaciones deben ser transparentes e inclusivas, acomodando las capacidades de todas las delegaciones, especialmente las de los países más pequeños. Las negociaciones ad hoc y concurrentes sin el aviso adecuado o traducción violan los principios del derecho internacional. [9]

Usar pandemias potenciales como pretexto para violar los principios de buena gobernanza erosiona la confianza y socava la cooperación internacional cuando más se necesita.

Proceder con la adopción de nuevas enmiendas al RSI o el tratado sobre pandemias propuesto en la próxima 77ª Asamblea Mundial de la Salud sería contrario a la ley. Si procede, cualquier acuerdo resultante será inmediatamente nulo y sin valor. Por el contrario, seguir estos principios básicos de buena gobernanza demostrará el compromiso de la OMS con la salud global y el régimen de Derecho.

Atentamente,

Christopher H. Smith
Jefe del Comité
Subcomité de Asuntos Exteriores de la Cámara
sobre Salud Global, Derechos Humanos Globales,
y Organizaciones Internacionales

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